Health & Nutrition Science

Hb (Haemoglobin) has an affinity for  CO (carbon monoxide) more than 200 times than for oxygen . When CO is inhaled , it readily reacts with Hb to form COHb (Carbonmonoxyhaemoglobin ) . Again it displaces oxygen from the Hb , hence ,  body cells suffer from oxygen starvation and the condition is termed as CO Poisoning.    Generally , about 15 gm of Hb per 100 ml  blood transport about 19.80 ml of oxygen. It means , 97 to 98 percent of oxygen is transported by Hb of RBC of blood . Heavy smoking is resulted in CO Poisoning as the blood of the person is saturated in CO . • Frequent smoker.                    COHb level Presmoking.                              4.2% Postsmoking.                            8.6% • Heavy smoker.              ...

        Abdominal breathing or diaphragmatic or belly breathing is the normal breathing process which is done due to the movement of the diaphragm and external and internal intercostal muscles . Intercostal muscles are located in between each ribs and diaphragm consists of a circular inelastic sheet of white collagen fibres and circular and radial muscle fibres.        Abdominal breathing is important for COPD people in which air is trapped in lungs ,  hence, the diaphragm pressed down . This breathing helps the COPD patient to breath with less effort and less energy .   Method • Lie in bed and bent your knees. Place a hand on your upper chest and other just below the rib cage . • Breath  in slowly , especially through nose , let the air to go to your lower belly . • The hand on chest must remain still but the other one should rise .It means diaphragm is pulling air into the lungs . • During expiration tight your abdomin...